Dr. Hiroshi Shibasaki MD, PhD graduated from Kyushu University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan in 1969. He was a resident of Neurology at University of Minnesota Hospital, USA (1969-1971), a visiting scientist at Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK (1978-1979). Dr. Shibasaki became the Director of Human Brain Research Center (1990-2003) and Chairman of Neurology (1999-2003) at Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan. He was also a Fogarty Scholar at NINDS, NIH, USA (2003-2005) and the President of International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology (2007-2010). He is currently an emeritus professor at Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine. Dr. Mark Hallett, MD attended Harvard Medical School (1969), did his residency in Neurology at the Massachusetts General Hospital (1972-1975), and a fellowship in motor control in London (1975-1976). He was at Harvard Medical School from 1976-1984, and since then he has been Chief, Human Motor Control Section, NINDS, NIH. He has been President of the Movement Disorder Society and is currently President of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology.