This volume gathers together, for the first time, Mary Sidney Herbert’s Antonius (1592) and Thomas Kyd’s Cornelia (1594), two significant and inter-related responses to Robert Garnier’s Roman plays, Marc Antoine (1578) and Cornélie (1572). As a unique diptych the translated plays offer invaluable insight into the often ghostly presence of French literature in Elizabethan culture. They also mark an important chapter in the development of early modern neoclassical drama, with Sidney Herbert and Kyd creatively engaging, each in their own way, with Garnier’s learned, Senecan tragedies. This edition offers a critical introduction situating the plays in the rapidly shifting context of the 1590s and discussing their critical reception as translations. The footnotes aim to illuminate Sidney Herbert’s and Kyd’s distinctive translation practices by signaling significant amendments to Garnier’s text and by tracing the web of intertextual allusions that connects each translation, not only with Elizabethan practices of patronage, readership, and text circulation, but also with the wider intellectual and political debates of the late European Renaissance. Also featuring textual notes, a list of neologisms, and a glossary, this edition documents each text’s material and editorial history, as well as their joint contribution to the linguistic creativity of the Elizabethan age.