Microbes are microscopic organisms like bacteria, virus, fungi, protozoa, etc. which are either unicellular, multicellular or acellular. Microbiology studies different classes of these microbes and branches out into bacteriology, mycology, protozoology and phycology. Microbiology also studies microbes for use in medicine, enzyme production, DNA transfer tools, industrial fermentation, bioremediation, microbial biodegradation, etc. Biopolymers like polysaccharides, polyesters, polyamides, etc. are also produced by microorganisms. Advanced medical applications of tissue engineering and drug delivery are also aided by microorganisms. The ever growing need of advanced technology is the reason that has fueled the research in the field of microbial biotechnology in recent times. This book strives to explain the concepts and theories central to the development of microbial biotechnology. It also presents researches and studies performed by experts across the globe. The book is appropriate for students seeking detailed information in this area as well as for experts.