This book explores the historical development and transformation of Australia's political, social, and national identity from its foundation in 1901 to the present. It highlights key events, such as the shift from British colonial ties to a more independent foreign policy, the evolution of Australian democracy, and the rise of multiculturalism and Indigenous recognition. Through a critical analysis of political, legal, and cultural shifts, the text examines how Australia's relationship with the British monarchy, its engagement with global institutions, and its internal political dynamics have shaped the nation's identity. The discussion includes key moments in Australia's foreign policy, such as its alliances with the United States and regional engagement, alongside the ongoing debates around Indigenous rights, constitutional reform, and the nation's future role in the Asia-Pacific. Ultimately, the text underscores the complexities of defining what it means to be Australian in an increasingly interconnected and diverse world.