If Not Silver, What? is a thought-provoking political and economic treatise authored by John W. Bookwalter and published in 1896, during a period of intense debate over the monetary standard in the United States. The book delves deeply into the pressing question of the era: if the nation were to abandon the free coinage of silver, what alternative monetary system should be adopted? Bookwalter meticulously examines the historical, economic, and social implications of both the gold and silver standards, providing a comprehensive analysis of the arguments for and against each. Drawing on contemporary events, economic theory, and the experiences of other nations, Bookwalter critiques the prevailing gold standard, highlighting its perceived shortcomings and the hardships it imposes on farmers, laborers, and the broader working class. He explores the consequences of deflation, falling prices, and economic stagnation, which he attributes to the contraction of the money supply under a gold-only regime. The author also addresses the political machinations and interests that influence monetary policy, offering a candid assessment of the forces shaping the national debate. Throughout the book, Bookwalter advocates for a more inclusive and equitable monetary system, one that would promote prosperity and stability for all citizens rather than favoring the wealthy and powerful. He presents alternative proposals and encourages readers to consider the broader social and economic ramifications of their choices. If Not Silver, What? stands as a significant contribution to the literature of the late nineteenth-century monetary controversy, offering valuable insights into the complexities of currency reform and the enduring struggle for economic justice in America.