Erich Maria Remarque (1898?1970) was a German-born author, whose best-known novel (All Quiet on the Western Front) was based on his experience in the German army during World War I. Because his work discussed anti-war themes, Remarque became a target of the Nazis during the 1930s, his books were banned in Germany, and his German citizenship was revoked. He first moved to Switzerland to escape Nazi persecution and then to the United States in 1939. He returned to Switzerland in 1948 and remained there until his death in 1970.