In the 1980s, Daniel Gile thought of the potential benefit for translation and interpreting students of simple conceptual building blocks that could help them make sense of their classroom experience and of their instructors' advice, especially as regards recurring challenges. The first edition of Basic Concepts and Models for Interpreter and Translator Training (1995) was the result of observation, introspection, critical engagement with the literature and small-scale original research. An extended, revised edition followed in 2009. In this third edition, analyses have been fine-tuned; more space has been given to signed language interpreting, which has much to teach to spoken language translators and interpreters; concepts and models, some of them new, some of them related to recent technology, are discussed in more depth, and the links between them and advances in interpreting studies and in related disciplines are clarified. A substantially updated edition of one of the most widely read and cited books in Translation and Interpreting Studies.